Comparison/Contrast of Tom Buchanan and Jay Gatsby Essay

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is an American tale since it is great and has engaged individuals for ages with its provocative issues and disastrous crucial characters. Two of the most charming ones are the men who have adored Daisy. Tom Buchanan and Jay Gatsby are distinctive with regards to society’s see, yet they are additionally particularly similar. They are both disastrous figures despite the fact that they are lamentable in totally various manners. Both Tom and Gatsby are gorgeous men. They are both in their mid thirties and the two of them have been a piece of Daisy’s past. They have bunches of cash and have gone to great and significant colleges. They are smart men and they know a ton of similar individuals. They have things in their past that they would prefer that individuals didn't have a clue. Gatsby’s fundamental dread is that others will discover that he was destined to a poor family and that Jay Gatsby that exists currently was once James Gatz of North Dakota conceived in destitution. The reality of the situation was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic origination of himself. He was a child of Godâ€a express which, in the event that it implies anything, implies just thatâ€and he should be about His Father’s business, the administration of an immense, profane, and meretricious magnificence. So he developed only the kind of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old kid would probably imagine, and to this origination he was dedicated as far as possible. (p 104) They despise one another and they are both having an unsanctioned romance with a wedded lady. Gatsby is the more agreeable of the two. He is inviting, and he genuinely adores Daisy while Tom simply needs to possess her. Tom is more athletic than Gatsby on the grounds that he has had more chances to play sports. Tom is a bigot and he believes that not exclusively are blacks underneath him, he additionally imagines that ladies, needy individuals, and individuals who have not generally been rich are not in the same class as him. â€Å"Well it’s a fine book and everyone should understand it. The thought is on the off chance that we don’t glance out the white race will beâ€will be completely lowered. It’s all logical stuff; it’s been demonstrated. † (p17) Gatsby invites a wide range of various individuals to his gatherings and he treats them all great. Tom got his cash by being naturally introduced to a well off family and Gatsby has gotten his through sorted out wrongdoing and smuggling. That makes Tom increasingly refined in light of the fact that he has consistently been rich. Gatsby figured out how to be rich by functioning for another rich man named Dan Cody. Tom went to Yale University and he graduated. Gatsby went to a school in St. Olaf for a brief period. At that point he went to Oxford in England after they let officials who helped them in the war go there. He didn't graduate since he didn't have sufficient instruction when he came there. He doesn't tell individuals that he didn't graduate. He just reveals to them that he went to Oxford. The way that Gatsby didn't graduate doesn't imply that he isn't savvy. He would have must be shrewd to get the cash he did in such a brief timeframe. Numerous individuals smuggled in those days and were a piece of sorted out wrongdoing, yet they didn't get rich, yet Gatsby did. It was likewise keen to concoct the plans that he did to get Daisy once more into his life. Tom is sufficiently wise to not lose his cash and keep it working for him. He simply doesn't utilize his knowledge for good. He peruses books like the Rise of the Colored Empire with the goal that he can abhor individuals significantly more. Tom has had numerous illicit relationships on Daisy. He would prefer to individuals didn’t think about it despite the fact that he realizes that Daisy does. Gatsby doesn't need anybody knowing the slightest bit about his past. He has made up an itemized lie about a past that didn't occur just so individuals would not realize that he had been a poor kid. Tom is likewise going behind Daisy's back with Myrtle Wilson. Myrtle is hitched as well. He isn't just being false to his significant other, however he is destroying another marriage. Gatsby is additionally laying down with a wedded lady. At the point when we read the book, it is anything but difficult to need Gatsby and Daisy together, however it is still off-base. He could sit back and watch on the off chance that she left Tom, yet he doesn't. He takes her while she is as yet hitched and living with Tom. Daisy picks Tom at long last for a few reasons. Separation was not seen as something worth being thankful for in the 1920’s and she would be looked downward on. She realizes that Tom is her equivalent with regards to social class, and Gatsby would never be. She and Tom are all the more indistinguishable that she and Gatsby. They are the two clients. She additionally has a youngster with Tom and that is a bond that is difficult to break, particularly since Pammy is so near her dad. Tom Buchanan and Jay Gatsby are both sad figures at long last regardless of whether just one of them kicks the bucket. Jay since he didn't accomplish his fantasy that he had worked for so hard and Tom since he will never gain from his mix-ups. The two characters are fascinating to the point that long subsequent to perusing the novel, the inquiries of â€Å"what if Gatsby had lived†? what's more, â€Å"what will happen to Tom in the accident of nineteen twenty-nine†? are considered. They have become as genuine individuals to the ones who have perused this captivating novel. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. 1925. New York: Scribner Paperback Series, 1995.

Characters- No Sugar Essay

Through the characters names all the native names are given Christian names while the white characters nearly no matter what are given titles and last names. This adapts the native characters and dehumanizes the white characters while featuring their situation of intensity. White characters are belittled by their activities just as their names, they allude to returning to the Tasmanian arrangement (pg44), demonstrating that they have no respect for the aboriginal’s lives. JP: Bigot he alludes to the native individuals as locals, and considers them to be individuals who don’t have a place.. We Repelled by his remorseless treatment towards the Aborigines. Fretful, narcissistic (interfering with) Look, I’m not intrigued by what you had for supper. On the off chance that you’ve got a clarification, simply mention to me what it is. Plain The main white character, Frank earthy colored is the one in particular who has a genuine connection with the aboriginals and he is the just one of the white characters who’s managed a white name. He’s blamed for providing alcohol to jimmy. Millie- Endures and does what she accepts is correct. ‘Stereotypical women’ and caring mother to her kids. Strong mother, deals with her kid when she’s wiped out My young ladies in medical clinic, we need covers. Jimmy- Native, absence of instruction â€Å"sorry sir I was on the poop bucket†¦toilet, got guts hurt. Fretful and relentless won't abandon seeing Mr Neville. Says what he thinks â€â€˜You know one thing about Fremantle gaol even some of them screws are dislike this spot. Local protectorâ couldn’t shield my canine from insects. Neville- Bigot Accepts aboriginals don't and ought not have indistinguishable force and stipends from white individuals. Oblivious and Disrespectful: Munday let me offer you some guidance sugar gets more flies then vinegar. Despite the fact that reats white individuals with deference. For example Miss Dunn Gran and Jimmy: These are the two characters advance in the section through their activities and conduct . Gran turns into an increasingly honorable character and seems kindhearted comparable to her family. The Aboriginal family and especially gran are appeared to have very solid bonds and care about one another profoundly, this is considerably progressively perceptible when contrasted with the lack of interest of the white chracters This differentiated to jimmy’s conduct of bogus earnestness and regard for the white people reaffirms gran’s insight of character. She delveopes and turns out to be to a greater extent a reasonable character who’s plainly has her best family’s enthusiasm on a fundamental level.

Supply chain paradigms in apparel and textile sector - Free Essay Example

Recession was not all bad. It gave people time to think of new ways to improve efficiencies and optimise processes. Earlier there was simply no time to look into some of the processes that happened anyway! Supply Chain Management was one of those things. Of course, there has always been a focus on SCM but recent time saw concentrated efforts towards innovation in this area. 2009 Economic Downturn Its Impact The year 2009 has been a year of re-awakening and the challenges faced in this year have forced fresh thinking in all segments of business, more so in the apparel and textile sectors. The fashion industry which saw unprecedented boom in this decade, also witnessed unprecedented challenges in the year 2009. Almost all brands and all retail formats were on extended sale period in the year 2009 and in the non sale period were offering aggressive promotions and discounts to prop up the consumption. This has led to 2009 becoming perhaps the year of lowest full price sales (in other words highest mark downs). This was also the year when all projections and forecasts went haywire and the hyper activities of previous years caught on, leading to huge inventories across the fashion supply chain and adversely affecting not only the r etailer/brand but also the suppliers, logistic providers, distributors, and the brand owners equally. Though the above gloomy picture was universal, there were some fashion retailers and brands (retailers and brands are taken together as most Indian retailers have their own private brands which constitute a significant chunk) who not only grew in sales but also had much higher full price sales compared to the competitors, and also had their inventories in reasonable control. An in-depth analysis of all such brands clearly attributes this to nothing else but better supply chain initiatives that these brands/retailers had undertaken even before the recession had hit. Some of these supply chain initiatives taken by retail formats/brands are being discussed here to highlight the impact of the competitive edge that a Fashion companys supply chain readiness brings in at all times, especially in times of recession. Apparels and Textiles The Extended Supply Chains View The Apparel an d Textile supply chain in India is not only unique in many aspects, but also by far one of the most complex. The diversity of Indian culture and hence, the fashion tastes and habits of the large demography of India leads to proliferation of local players in the fashion domain and fragmentation of revenues amongst players. Even today, there are very few fashion brands in this country with a turnover in excess of $50mn (INR 250 crore) a revenue sum considered to be very small in the developed world. India is a country that perhaps has the longest Fashion supply chain lead time of close to 400-600 days. The cotton plucked from the cotton plant can take upto as long as two years to reach the hands of the end consumer. While this might seem exaggerated, an in-depth analysis of overall textiles and garment value chain will make it obvious. The number of composite textile mills in India is very limited and textiles, even today is produced in discreet manufacturing processes across vario us stages of spinning, weaving, fabric processing etc., carried out in different locations by different players. This in turn means holding of inventory in each stage (before as well as after each stage- raw material as well as finished goods), and there is also work in progress inventory in each stage. Once the fabric is ready, it is stored as finished goods and sold to distributors and finally to retailers. The inventory level at the distributor and retail stage combined is often in excess of 180 days. In the case of garments, the garment manufacturing stage is an additional stage and hence an additional stage of inventory. The organised retail is acting as a major improvement in the supply chain and is helping reduce one level of inventory (at the distributors end). However, organised retail too has two levels of inventory one at the retail front and other at the retail warehouse. This in some way negates the advantage of disintermediation by retail in terms of supply chain time . Hence, it can be easily seen that while the most efficient fashion supply chains may be able to reach goods from the raw material stage to the consumer in about 250 days, the lesser efficient ones can take around 700 days. It is in this complex environment of Indian supply chain that we need to discuss new paradigms innovations, infrastructure, technology and a holistic end-to-end (raw material to consumer strategy) paradigms which will be the main differentiator between Fashion Leaders and the Fashion Laggards. In the field of apparels, a large number of case studies worldwide on fashion supply chain (like the case study of Zara, HM, Li and Fung) have been written. However, the economic downturn in 2009 has led to challenges faced by even the companies that were studied. Through a shorter lead time at higher cost, Zara was a great example of a responsive supply chain. In a recessionary environment, in a complex country like India, this approach can be challenged. India need s its own responsive Fashion Supply Chain, yet needs to do away with the higher cost manufacturing as incurred by Zara. This is where a number of retail chains and fashion brands have innovated and have been successful in India. Despite extended mark downs and seasonal sales, some fashion brands and retailers have come out winners not by chance but because of holistic supply chain redesign as well as implementation in the recent past. The fashion supply chain is not a one-dimensional supply chain,  but is quite varied and has several variations as shown in the chart below. Considering the diverse needs of the fashion sector, the three important concepts which need to be focussed on by any player are Mind to Market (MTM), Time to Market (TTM) and Cost to Market (CTM). Mind to market -  Mind to market is the time taken from the moment of design initiation to the time when the product reaches the consumer. This time in western nations used to be as high as 18 month s. However, it is the endeavour of every fashion retailer / brand to continuously strive to lower the same. Zara is a case study of the same (in best cases 21 days). In India, leading retailers such as Pantaloons have successfully reduced this dramatically over the last few years and achieved growth in both sales and margins despite having tighter control on inventories. Achievement of a lower TTM needless to say entails end-to-end collaborative approach between the buyers, merchandisers, planners, garment manufacturers, fabric providers, logistic providers and the retail stores. Time to market -  This is the lead time from the moment an order is released to the garment manufacturers to the time the product reaches the consumer. In other words, TTM = MTM design and planning time. Reduction in MTM and CTM plays a great role in reducing the uncertainties of the Fashion Supply Chain and finally results in better inventory management, lower obsolescence, lower mark downs and hence higher profits for the fashion retailer/brands. Cost to market -  The cost to market is the total supply chain cost including factory gate logistics (vendor to brand/retailer), the primary and secondary warehousing and distribution system, the replenishment system, and the secondary transportation. The reduction in cost to market can be significant for a brand/retailer. An an exercise last year, the supply chain cost for Big Bazaar Fashion was reduced by 1.5% which is more than half the total bottom line percentage for most retailers. This was achieved by redesigning the supply shain network and reducing the storage locations from 16 and consolidating them into just five big regional distribution centres with state-of-the-art infrastructure and technology applications. The Fashion Supply Chain Model Factors influencing the Indain fashion supply chain The fashion domain along with its opportunities, also posesses various challenges for the logistics industry: India is a multicultural heterogeneous country with the consumer tastes changing every few kilometers. This results in the retailers/brands offering becoming region specific,leading to multiplicity of Stock Keeping Units (SKUs). Some large retailers have more than 100,000 SKUs in fashion.  · The high real estate rentals for retail leave no scope for the retail stores to have any back-end store stocking of inventory. Hence, replenishment systems and their accuracy becomes critical.  · Lifestyle retail needs fast and quick-response supply chain deliverables, whereas, value retail requires cost-efficient supply chain.  · The logistics infrastructure of this country is in its early stages of evolution. The combination of these factors leads to a uniquely Indian consumption supply chain one that includes handling very large number of SKUs in pieces (eaches) as opposed to fewer SKUs handled in the form of pallets by most of the large retailers in the world. Hence, there is a growing need to learn the art of managing these complexities and design and execute supply chain solutions that are uniquely Indian. In addition to the above factors, there are multiple other factors that have an impact on a products supply chain and need to be carefully evaluated and factored in while designing the supply chain solution. The major amongst them being: Sourcing Supply chain requirement responsiveness v/s efficiency Supply chain design Retail market (geographic) strategy for the respective format Retail formats positioning strategy and its relation to the supply chain External factors the contemporary logistics landscape affecting supply chain in organised retail Sourcing India being a dominant global player in textiles, the sourcing for fashion is largely domestic. The manufacturing of garments is clustered around a few major centers woven garments around Mumbai, Bangalore and Delhi, woolens and knits in Ludhiana, knitwear and hosiery around Tirupur etc. The supply chain network design has to factor in these manufacturing bases depending upon the product mix of the brand/retailer to optimise the inbound logistics cost. A few international fashion brands also import their merchandise from the global manufacturing bases or route it from their international distribution network. Supply Chain Requirement Responsiveness v/s Efficiency Different product categories and retail formats have different requirements from their supply chains. For fashion chains like Pantaloons, Shopper Stop, and Westside, the Time to Market is the most important parameter. For hypermarkets like Big Bazaar, Spencers, and Star Bazaar. businesses that target the cost conscious, Cost to Market is also an extremely important parameter. All these factors influence the supply chain design and determine how the associated solutions will evolve to deliver the specific and exacting requirements from the supply chain. Supply Chain Design The Supply chain design revolves around a plethora of activities like designing the network and the associated decisions centralised or decentralised, based on sourcing or based on consumption or a combination thereof. The right solutions also need to be selected in the areas of Technology, Automation and Mechanical. Decision needs to be taken on whether to own or outsource be it manpower or vehicles. Syst ems and processes to be implemented need to be evaluated and implemented. It is also important to have a culture of Learning and Knowledge Management to share and train across locations. Retail Market (Geographic) Strategy The major Indian retail markets are concentrated around the urban centers, the biggest of them being Mumbai, Delhi NCR, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmadabad and Pune. The service levels to these cities are of utmost importance to any consumption supply chain. The distribution strategy is heavily influenced by the size of the product markets in these urban centers. The regional preferences have a major influence in deciding the supply chain strategy for specific products and categories. Further, in future, some more cities are likely to become important for organised retail. The supply chains will have to factor in the same. Retail Format (Positioning) Strategy The positioning of the brands and their value proposition determines the produc t mix and its pricing. This in turn influences its deliverables from the Supply Chain. Even for the same product category, the priorities change depending upon the target customer segment for the product. For example, apparels can be high fashion lifestyle or they can be targeted towards the masses with low prices. Though the product in both the cases is apparels, the delivery strategy determines what is a priority time to market or cost. External Factors Government is in the process of scraping the CST and introducing the VAT thereby opening up prospects of the retail boom. Also, the emergence of GST is projected to make positive impact. Evolution of seaways, inland river ways and railways has enabled these to be considered as viable options. Infrastructure developments in the form of Golden quadrangle and Cross corridors have improved connectivity and reduced transit time. More FDI in retail sector will increase the competition and there will be a greater focus on optimisin g the supply chain to maximise the profits. Consolidation activities like mergers and acquisitions will also have a great impact on the design of the supply chain network as the companies would try to exploit the economies of scale to their advantage.  Ãƒâ€š Sourcing Integrating The Supply Side In order to respond to market and consumers demands quickly, getting suppliers involved in the supply chain process is now becoming an important business practice often resulting in the formation of collaborative partnerships. To offer target customers new styles and fashionable merchandise in a timely manner, buyers must collaborate with suppliers in streamlining supply chain processes right from product design and development, technical specification development for packing, labeling and packaging, development of quality standards and manuals and rating systems containing parameters and checklists for meeting supply chain needs. Competitive advantage comes from not just sha ring information with suppliers, but also from HOW you share the data. Information is only important if it can be acted upon. Leading buyers are allowing vendors secure, online access to reports, raw data, forecasts, sales and inventory and even to the replenishment system in some instances, using web-based portals and dedicated servers. Supplies are managed online with suppliers adopting latest techniques such as Advance Shipment Notices for notification of inbound cartons and their contents to the buyers, thus enabling pre-allocation of merchandise for retail even before the goods have come in. Pre packs, Inner Packs with bar codes and other such improvements are being used to further reduce the TTM. The information about the contents of each carton is recorded when it is packed by the supplier and a unique identity is created to link the bar code label on the carton with the ASN. The ASN is transmitted to the retailer, usually via EDI, so the retailer knows: What is coming, ho w it will arrive and the number of cartons in the shipment. In conclusion, training and development of suppliers, building supplier matrices, and developing collaborative efforts were steps that the buyer had taken to establish a virtual vertical company. The Logistics Piece of Fashion Supply Chain Warehousing Warehousing is the most complicated and under-invested yet most critical logistics activity in the entire supply chain. The Fashion business requires the expertise in managing eaches at every level of activity from inwarding, putaway, picking, sorting, to store delivery. There is an increasing need to increase efficiencies, maximising inventory turns and services to the stores and customers. There is a growing need for Big Box warehousing solutions for fashion as the volumes and complexities go up in this fast growing market. Having bigger warehouses will facilitate economies of scale as the warehouse set-up costs and overheads are distributed over larger throughput. Consolidation of merchandise in fewer locations will also result in higher product availability for order fulfillment and store replenishment and therefore wider choice to the customers and higher sales. Further, these larger mechanised warehouses can be equipped with Mechanisation such as Racking, Shelving, wi-fi infr a, RF guns, conveyor system, automatic weigh-check with print and apply, and sorter systems like put-to-light (PTL), bomb-bay, ring sorter etc., to automate the merchandise sortation process and make it fast and accurate at the same time. Transportation For garment transportation, specially designed transportation network is required connecting all major consumption centers bringing in an innovation in the form of new system of volumetric goods transportation in double deck containerised vehicles and last mile deliveries from DC to Stores through tail lift fitted vehicles and Roll cages/Dolly /Nest able crates for consignment delivery directly on store floor. This has led to reduction in transit times hence lowering Time to market (TTM), lower in-transit inventories and also lower freight costs. Vehicle fitted with vehicle tracking system (VTS) monitored through a TMS (Transportation Management System) ensures visibility of all consignments on a real time basis ensuring reliable and timely movement of consignments at lower cost. Technology In recent years, fashion attributes have infused nearly all garment types: product life cycles are shortening and product proliferation is accelerating even in the most basic garments. These trends have created increasing demand uncertainty that has changed radically the basis of competition in the textile- apparel-retail channel. Increasing demand uncertainty has led to the advent of lean retailing. Retailers who once purchased large quantities of each item, far in advance of the selling season now avoid the risk of carrying inventory of increasingly unpredictable items by ordering smaller quantities of each product in advance and ordering, on a weekly basis, replenishment quantities of those products that have sold in the previous week. Lean retailing has driven changes in both information and product flow, resulting in the changes in manufacturing and supply chain practice; this has been facilitated greatly by the introduction and maturation of several key technologies: Wire less infrastructure and hand-held devices for product identification, used to provide real- time, accurate information about which products are selling at the pointof-sale; Electronic data interchange (EDI), used by the retailer to place quick, accurate replenishment orders; and More sophisticated, Warehouse Management System (WMS), which allows manufacturers to pick and pack small replenishment quantities based orders. Automated Replenishment System (ARS) works on actual pull based demand.  Automatic Replenishment System (ARS) ARS is a pull-based system instead of the traditional push based system and ensures generation and availability of correct assortment with correct quantity of all major fast moving items on store shelves most of the time. ARS works on actual demand considering shelf stock, base stock level and past sales trend and instead of manual order generation, ARS triggers an auto-replenishment order from nearest DC to stores. This pull-based system helps in lower obsolescence and lower markdown for the fashion retail business thereby directly impacting the bottomline and topline. The replenishment requirement in ARS can be in single pieces also and here WMS plays a very important role in ensuring the order fulfillment. Warehouse Management System (WMS) A good WMS enables a complete visibility of inventory in the warehouse and contributes in the warehouse operations by substantially improving the productivity, order fulfillment and accuracy. WMS enables cross docking facility to bypass traditional receiving, put away, replenishment and pick cycles by moving received goods directly from the inbound dock to fulfill outstanding demand, all while reducing staffing, equipment needs, space requirements, and inventory carrying costs. Wave planning is performed to Group of orders into waves of one or more orders that are planned and released together to pick more efficiently and meet stores requirement. WMS is also helping in slotting to maximise productivity and minimise travel time from location to location by determining the most advantageous arrangement of SKUs within a range of pick faces or slots. It minimises disruptions that result from demand variability by enabling adjustment of product placement according to seasonality, specia l promotions, and changes in customer order patterns. This results in complete visibility of inventory and the warehouse processing in system, and leads to improved order fulfillment and accuracy especially the order line fill rate at SKU level a parameter very crucial in fashion retail success -ensuring prompt replenishment of every single item in stores. Reverse Logistics Reverse flow of merchandise is an integral part of any retail business and its efficient management can augment the bottomline considerably. The reverse logistics services are required to manage the reverse flow of merchandise from the stores and refurbish, repair, refinish and re-sell these products through the factory outlets or other liquidation channels. Importance of an E2E Holistic Approach One of the most important considerations for the success of supply chain strategy is that any supply chain is only as strong as its weakest link. Hence, unless all parts of the extended supply chains extending from the raw material suppliers to the consumers work equally well and in synchronisation and harmony, the end result would be sub optimal. Some of the critical factors for the success of the chain are : Holistic approach Holistic extended supply chain approach Selection of the right supply chain solution provider  · Use of the right technologies  · Creation of the right infrastructure, specially the warehouse  · Measurement systems and the continual improvement of MTM, TTM and CTM  Execution The Final Frontier Strategy alone cant delivery the result, execution is equally critical and can be managed by own or through third party logistics (3PL) company. One of the options for fashion/retail brands is to create all the above parameters on its own. The other option is to outsource it to a third party supply chain solution provider who has the requisite competencies. Unfortunately, the supply chain solutions providers in India are very few and most of the logistic providers in India are mainly transporters and do lack most of the above critical success factors. However, with the growth of organised retail in the country, the organised logistic segment is also poised to grow. With the advent of GST (most likely in a few months) brands can further rationalise their network and by reducing stocking points, reduce the inventory as well as reduce the total cost of distribution. Reduction in stocking points also enables implementation of pull base system such as Automated Replenishment System ( ARS) thus leading to much higher fill rate and hence higher sales. However, supply chain network modeling and design is a science which requires not only modeling software application but also an in-depth knowledge of the business. Some of the supply chain companies also possess network modeling design capabilities and can add tremendous value, both in terms of higher top line as well as healthier bottom line because of their expertise in providing innovative solutions which include supply chain network modeling, state-ofthe-art technology, skilled and trained manpower, investment in the state-ofthe-art infrastructure and innovative transportation. Further, investment in infrastructure by the supply chain service providers will also help keep the balance sheet of the fashion players lighter, leading to higher returns on capital. Certain supply chain solutions companies have built core competency in the fashion domain for several years and have developed knowledge and infrastructu re and possess all the above critical factors. Such companies can be used by the fashion retailer/brands and the supply chain network design as well as execution infrastructure, warehousing, replenishment and movement activities and also reverse logistics can be completely outsourced to such companies. Anshuman Singh is the Managing Director CEO of Future Supply Chain Solutions Limited Indias largest Consumer Supply Chain Company. In a career spanning over seventeen years, he has successfully created and led organizations in the field of Retail as well as Supply Chain and Logistics.

New Grad A Program Assignment - 888 Words

New Grad A has begun orientation on a geriatrics unit. She has developed a good relationship with her preceptor over the past 7 weeks and feels confident in her progression on orientation thus far. Unfortunately due to the preceptor’s abrupt illness, New Grad A will have to complete the last week with another preceptor. From their first shift together, New Grad A feels that the new preceptor has not been welcoming, supportive, or engaged in teaching and providing learning experiences and skills need for the completion of orientation. While caring for a patient, New Grad A failed to recognize a patient’s confusion as a result of a catheter-associated urinary tract infection. The preceptor scolds New Grad A on the â€Å"inability to notice subtle changes in patient behavior and symptoms† and expresses her reservations about hiring new grad and the need for longer orientation for â€Å"slower grasping new hires†. 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Reflective Reflection - 1145 Words

Originally, I thought that I would group the articles by themes to complete my weekly reflections. For instance, the Week 12 reflection would incorporate the theoretical and/or philosophical underpinnings of conceptual understandings as discussed in the works of Simon (1995) and Samara Clements (2004). Then, Week 13 would explore the affordances and constraints of learning trajectories highlighted in the work of Daro, Mosher, Corcoran (2011), Empson (2011), and Myers, Sztajn, Wilson, Edgington (2015). But, as I finished the Simon article, and then the Daro article, I realized that I was really struggling to make sense of the importance of the Simon article. As with all other articles, (and maybe this is a flaw of mine), if I spend†¦show more content†¦I need to get clear in my mind what the field considers a learning trajectory and then consider what has been identified in the literature as learning trajectory pros and cons. The report produced by Daro et al. provides a definition of trajectories (or progressions) that is accessible to many levels and applicable to many areas. According to Daro et al, â€Å"trajectories or progressions are ways of characterizing what happens in between any given set of beginning and endpoints and, in an educational context, describe what seems to be involved in helping students get to particular desired endpoints† (2011, p. 23). While this appears to be a non-biased approach to describing or categorizing the learning paths of students, with the underlying goal of aiding educators and researchers in instructional decisions and explorations, not all see learning trajectories as beneficial. From the reading, it is obvious that educators may not agree that all learning trajectories are beneficial. In the table below, I have identified some of the pros and cons discussed in the literature. Through the readings, it was fairly easy to categorizes the benefits of trajectories. Trajectories can aid in focusing on children’s thinking (Daro et al., 2011; Empson, 2011; Myers et al., 2015; Olive, 2000; Turner et al., 2016), guide instructor’s anticipation of student responses (Daro et al., 2011), improve mathematicalShow MoreRelatedReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice2289 Words   |  10 PagesReflection is considered as a state of mind which is a continuous practice (Fanghanel, 2004, p. 576). It yields confidential and safe ways to demonstrate personal experiences as well as continuously challenging perceptions, illusions and biases that can be damaging to cultures and society. Reflective practice enables the practitioner to learn about themselves and their work, their culture and society in which they live. 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Aquatic ecology free essay sample

Dissolved oxygen is oxygen that is trapped in a fluid, such as water. Since virtually every living organism requires oxygen to survive, it is a necessary component of water systems such as streams, lakes and rivers in order to support aquatic life. The dissolved oxygen is measure in units of ppm—or parts per million. Examine the data in Table 2 showing the amount of dissolved oxygen present and the number of fish observed in the body of water the sample was taken from; finally, answer the questions below. Table 2: Water quality vs. fish population 1. Based on the information in Table 2, what patterns do you observe? The more dissolved oxygen in the water, the more fish are observed in that area of water. We will write a custom essay sample on Aquatic ecology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. Develop a hypothesis relating to the amount of dissolved oxygen measured in the water sample and the number of fish observed in the body of water. If there is more dissolved oxygen in the water, there will be more fish are observed in the area of water. 3. What would your experimental approach be to test this hypothesis? To test the hypothesis I would do the same to get the results on the table. Test the oxygen in different areas of the water and keep track of the amount of fish in the area to later compare the results. 4. What are the independent and dependent variables? Independent Variable- Dissolved Oxygen Dependent- Fish 5. What would be your control? In this experiment I don’t believe there would be a way to have a control since the fish would need to be able to move their own to conduct the experiment. 6. What type of graph would be appropriate for this data set? Why? I feel that a line graph would be the best type of graph to convey this information. It would support the hypothesis along with showing the results in a very clear manner. 7. Graph the data from the table above. ? 8. Interpret the data from the graph made in Question 7. The graph shows that when the amount of Dissolved Oxygen increased the number of fish in the area increase and when the amount of oxygen decreases the amount of fish decrease. Â © 2010 eScience Labs, Inc. All Rights Reserved ? Dissolved Oxygen (ppm) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Number of Fish Observed 0 1 3 10 12 13 15 10 12 13

The Fifteenth President Essays - Presidency Of James Buchanan

The 15th President : James Buchanan was born in a log cabin on April 23, 1791. His parents, James Buchanan and Elizabeth (Speer) Buchanan were Irish immigrants who had made a successful life for themselves as merchants in rural Pennsylvania. James was the second of eleven children and the oldest boy.(Uher) Always eager to learn, he was privately tutored at home, and then he attended the village academy. He later studied law and graduated from Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Soon after the War of 1812, Buchanan's venture into politics began. He was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives at age 23 and served from 1814-1819. In spite of a recent personal scandal, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1820. Buchanan served ten years as a Congressman from Pennsylvania (1821-1831). In 1832, President Jackson made him Ambassador to Russia, where he served 2 years. James Buchanan was well suited to the foreign posting. The two nations had been unable to negotiate a trade treaty, and Buchanan's legal skill enabled him to broker an agreement. In 1833,after returning from St. Petersburg he won a U.S. Senate seat. He served in the Senate from 1834-1845. President Polk named him to be the Secretary of State, from 1845-1849. When he did not win the Presidential nomination in 1852, President Pierce appointed him Ambassador to the Court of King James in England. He served in London, until the election of 1856. By the time Buchanan returned to Washington, slavery had become an important issue in American politics. He objected to slavery personally, but viewed the abolitionist movement as a greater threat to the Union. He claimed that the Constitution upheld the right of Southerners to own slaves and saw it as America's duty to protect slavery in the South. In 1856 Buchanan became the Democratic candidate for president. Having been a long time member of Congress and envoys to Russia and England, Buchanan had many political assets. He was a smooth, pleasantly dull conservative from the North with Southern support. Buchanan was the last president to support a legal recognition of slavery. When he took office the country remained dangerously divided between pro- and anti-slavery states, and he hoped to ease tensions. The situation was further inflamed, however, just two days into his term with the Supreme Court?s Dred Scott decision. The court declared that slaves and their descendents were property, not citizens. Furthermore, the court declared that the government could not dictate a white citizen?s right to own slaves based on where he lived. As a result, Northerners vowed to fight the decision and Southerners threatened to secede.."(Miller Center, U. of Virginia) In 1819, Buchanan became engaged to Anne Coleman, the daughter of a Philadelphia millionaire. She broke off the engagement after there was some speculation that Buchanan was only marrying her for her money. Coleman died a few days later, possibly a suicide . The physician's records list her cause of death as an overdose of laudanum, an opiate. Buchanan was not allowed to attend the funeral and his letter of sympathy was returned unopened by her father. James Buchanan swore "never to marry in honor of her memory."."(Miller Center, U. of Virginia) Although he remained a bachelor, James Buchanan did not lack for family life. When he was elected president he took his grown niece Harriet Lane, an attractive and popular woman in her twenties to be White house hostess. Buchanan loved to entertain and the White House saw a social season that rivaled the days of Julia Tyler.."(Miller Center, U. of Virginia) Numerous social events filled the ballrooms, and a Washington frightened by the impending war was only too glad to enjoy the hospitality While in Washington, Buchanan's "room mate" was Senator Rufus King of New York. The two men were virtually inseparable and were rumored to be lovers. They shared a house and a bedroom (this apparently was not uncommon for the time.) There are many written references of the close relationship and Historian James Loewen supports the theory that Buchanan and King were lovers. He notes that the two were referred to around Washington as "Siamese twins" which was contemporary slang for gay couples. Professor Loewen goes so far

Hong Kongs Strengths and Weaknesses as a Conference Destination Essay

Hong Kong's Strengths and Weaknesses as a Conference Destination Essay Hong Kong's strengths and weaknesses as a conference destination Hong Kong, advanced in its geographic location and well-developed society and business environment, is regarded as a desirable destination for meetings, conferences and exhibitions. According to the Hong Kong Exhibition and Convention Industry Association, over 110 international exhibitions and conventions took place in Hong Kong in 2006, attracting 62,000 delegates and 5,200,000 buyers worldwide. International congresses and exhibitions, like the 6th WTO Ministerial Conference in 2005, 3G World Congress and Exhibition 2005 and The International Telecommunication Union Telecom World 2006, had enhanced and symbolized Hong Kong as a major international conference and exhibition center in the region. However, though Hong Kong is experienced in holding conferences and exhibitions, besides existing strong competitors like Singapore and Seoul, Macau is also an emerging competitor in Asia-Pacific market, and favored by international organizers. Therefore, Hong Kong needs a more in-depth und erstanding of its strengths and weaknesses, thus develops to be the leader in region. A successful conference hinges on several key elements like infrastructures, human factors, political and economic environment, and geographic. Experienced in the industry for over 30 years, Hong Kong has its strengths and weaknesses regarding these elements. In order to find out the way to success, these elements will be discussed. Hence, suggestions could be made for Hong Kong's strategic sustainable development in the industry. Successful factors As one of the most favored conference destination in Asia Pacific, Hong Kong depends on its unique geographic, complete infrastructure, experience and government support, which support Hong Kong to be an international conference and exhibition destination. Unique Geographic Environment As the Secretary of Commerce and Economic Development, Mr. Frederic MA Si-hang, said, Hong Kong has geographical advantages in the conference industry (Sing Tao Daily, 2007). Hong Kong locates in the central of the Asia-Pacific, where is on the midway from East to West. Most of the Asian and Oceania countries - like China, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Australia and India - are just within 7 hours away by air. It is convenient for both logistics and travelers. Besides, speaking of weather, bad weather would lead to cancellation or delay of a conference. It is important that destination's weather to be stable. Locating in the subtropics of the South Hemisphere, Hong Kong is usually warm, where the average temperature is between 22.5 to 24.5 degree Celsius, and the four seasons are distinct (HKO, 2007). Moreover, natural disasters, such as hurricane, earthquake or tsunami, are almost isolated from Hong Kong. Therefore, Hong Kong is a safe, timely, convenient and comfortable place for visit ors all over the world. World Class Meetings Facilities Hong Kong has two main conference and exhibition centers, which are the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center (HKCEC), and Asia World-Expo (AWE), providing totally over 130,000 square meters rentable function space. In addition, AWE is planning to expand the venue, providing over 60,000 square meters more space. These centers can handle large scale conference and like WTO Ministerial Conference. In addition, HKCEC has been awarded as Best Convention and Exhibition Center in Asia Pacific in the 2007 and 2005 industry survey. HKCEC and AWE are capable to hold large scale functions, providing high tech equipments and facilities when the organizers need that. Live video conference, instant translation, and or any ad hoc tasks are possible in these top class venues. On the other hand, there are plenty of choices, such as hotels, for middle and small scale conference. Except the use as accommodations, several hotels have been designed or even redesigned to be capable for holding confe rences. For example, Mandarin Oriental provides business conference services with professional services. Complete equipments like visual and audio systems, computers, broadband and telecommunications are provided for conference users. These hotels might be efficient and convenient for organizers and attendees (Mandarin Oriental 2007). All in all, Hong Kong is equipped for meetings in all sizes. Convenient Transportations For external transportation, air plays an essential role. The Hong Kong international airport is one of the busiest airports on earth. This 24-hours airport provides services with over 85 airlines, over 5,000 flights per week to over 150 destinations (HKIA, 2007). Organizers and participants from Europe, Asia or Americas can travel to Hong Kong with a single flight at least. Materials can

Benefits And Opportunities For Business Using Internet Marketing

Benefits And Opportunities For Business Using Internet Marketing The website helps businesses to communicate- for example customers can fill in questionnaires or surveys about the website or store this helps the business to improve. Customers can easily go on website to make queries or enquiries, for example on the B&Q website when you click on ‘Contact Us’ and then click on the ‘Enquiries’ this shows you the another link that has a test of ‘General Enquiry.’ When you click on ‘General Enquiry’ the site gives you a webpage and customers can easily fill in a quick Enquiry form- that has the Title, Name, Address, etc also a box that you can fill in Enquiry details. When the customer is done filling in the Enquiry Form the customer can click on ‘Submit.’ This is good for the B&Q because you get quick feedback due to it being quicker than customer writing a letter (Serve- Add Value and Save- Save Costs). Easier to promote their products- especially when B&Q products are on Special Offer s, Sales, for Example B&Q on their homepage has ‘The Half Price Sale,’ ‘15% Off Everything from 26th to 30th January 2010 in Stores only’ ‘15% Off Selected Switches and Sockets,’ ‘50% of Selected Power Tools,’ ‘20% Off Selected Heating More Lines Added.’ This is an advantage for the business because it helps them to promote their customers and non-customers. Those who do not have the time to travel to B &Q or those who are not aware about their products in store and the Sales (Save- Save Costs and Sizzle- Extend the brand online). More frequent individualised communications to build relationship- When customers have an account with B&Q, the business send emails of deals, promotions and products consumers may be interested in. This is benefit to B&Q for the reason that it promotes their products to gain one-to-one relationship (Relationship deepening), increase their sales and avoids their customers going to their compe titors. Opportunities for Product Development Use of Internet Information to Identify Product Development- this is a benefit to B&Q because they can also use the Internet to gather information about the customers’ views and perceptions about their websites, their products and improvements the company could make. This is an advantage for B&Q given that it would help them to satisfy their customer and get new customers too plus it would be much cheaper and save time for B&Q to carry this online then to pay loads money to their staff who would have to go to the high street and ask these same questions to people or the staff goes in the B&Q store to ask their customers but most people may not want to be stopped in store, since they prefer just to shop around. Ability to link traditional methods with online marketing (‘bricks and clicks’) – this is again great B&Q because it enables them to promote their products online and offline. Plus it helps to generate sa les due to the fact that customers could order a product online that may not be in stock (Sell- Grow Sales). This is an advantage since the business can promote to those who do not shop in stores (online customers).

Effects of Population Density Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effects of Population Density - Essay Example Overall, the population grows in the world, and the population density becomes higher, especially in urban areas and large cities. In addition to physical population density, researchers identify another type of population density known as psychological state of crowding. Therefore, while discussing the topic of population density it is important to take into account not only pure statistics on density, but also the individual’s perceptions of crowding (Jain, 1987). Physical population density may cause negative effects on human behavior associated with intrusion to their territory, abuse of their personal space and/or breaking of their privacy. This paper aims to provide a more detailed analysis on how the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space have become increasingly important as populations become denser. Also, this paper aims to examine the concept of noise and how it affects individuals. Privacy is an integral need of any individual, as it is â€Å"right to be left alone† (Ogden 2008, 20). With the development of Information Technologies and globalisation, the concept of privacy has been extended significantly covering thus the issues of private communication, surveillance, corporate monitoring, etc. Practically all people expect privacy in their lives as this is one of the fundamental human rights declared in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Ogden 2008). However, despite such a strong legal buttress, privacy as the human right has many different threats, varying from political and technological to social changes. One of such threats is increased population density (Ogden 2008). Territoriality initially was an important political and geographical term. Nowadays, it is widely adopted in environmental psychology and implies a concept whereas an individual organism or a group of organisms attempts to control a specified territory (Bortman et al., 2003). In other

The Role That Financial Intermediaries Play Essay

The Role That Financial Intermediaries Play - Essay Example The incentive in the form of their commission is earned in return for their intermediation services and at times providing support and help to both the parties. â€Å"Financial intermediaries, serve as the "go between" between lenders and borrowers. The difference between what they earn and pay is their reward for intermediation. A complex financial system comprises both financial markets and financial intermediaries. We distinguish financial intermediaries according to whether they issue complete contingent contracts or incomplete contracts. Intermediaries such as banks that issue incomplete contracts, demand deposits, are subject to runs, but this does not imply a market failure. With regard to the Central Bank, the central bank can easily regulate and delegate its duties to these financial intermediaries who are directly in touch with the final users of finances as well as the providers and suppliers of funds in the economy. If the circulation of currency notes is considered, the se intermediaries can act as consolidators of old notes and disburse the new notes to their customers and depositors. In this way, the central bank can do away with its duty to circulate them itself. Similarly, various policies and controls can be designed by the central banks which are to be put in practice by these intermediaries. The financial intermediaries play a vital role in regulating and managing financial resources of a financial system. The central banks and the reserve bank can put their policies into practice in a more efficient way.

Call Of The Wild: Character Sketch - Buck :: essays research papers

Call of the Wild: Character Sketch - Buck Throughout the novel The Call of the Wild, we follow a dog named Buck through his journey through the Klondike. We experience a transformation in him, as he adapts to the cold, harsh land where he is forced to toil in the snow, just to help men find a shiny metal. Buck seems to almost transform into a different dog by the end of the book. In this essay, I will go over what Buck was like, how and why he was forced to adapt to his new environment, and what he changed into. When we first met up with Buck, he lived in the Santa Clara Valley, on Judge Miller's property. He was the ruler of his domain, uncontested by any other local dogs. he was a mix between a St. Bernard and a Scotch Shepherd dog. He weighed one hundred and forty pounds, and he carried every one with utmost pride. Buck had everything he could want. Little did he know, he would soon have it all taken away from him. One night, while the judge was away at a raisin grower's committee meeting, the gardener, Manuel, took Buck away from his home. Buck was then sold, and thrown in a baggage car. This would be the beginning of a new, cruel life for Buck. On his ride to wherever he was going, Buck's pride was severely damaged, if not completely wiped out by men who used tools to restrain him. No matter how many times Buck tried to lunge, he would just be choked into submission at the end. When Buck arrived at his destination, there was snow everywhere, not to mention the masses of Husky and wolf dogs. Buck was thrown into a pen with a man who had a club. This is where Buck would learn one of the two most important laws that a dog could know in the Klondike. The law of club is quite simple, if there is a man with a club, a dog would be better off not to challenge that man. Buck learned this law after he was beaten half to death by the man who had the club. no matter what he tried, he just couldn't win. Buck was sold off to a man who put him in a harness connected to many other dogs. Buck was bad at first, but eventually, he learned the way of trace and trail. Buck had to learn many things if he was to survive in this frigid land. He had to learn to sleep under the snow, and to eat his food as fast as

The Highlight Reel of Marxism in American Football

Abstract: During many weeks in 2010, the Football dilemma started to arise as a social issue in society. Raising the question of what should be done if any by the National Football League to prevent traumatic and sometimes deadly hits on the field. Varying degrees of opinions as to what should be done; questions include inquiring on the ethics of the NFL and their lack of safety toward players as any kind of progressive movement. Stagnate would be the suitable term to use as describing the action taken by the NFL. Since the years of President Theodore Roosevelt, who wanted football outlawed in the 1900’s. The president himself could not enact the needed changes. American football is one of the largest industries in the nation with an overwhelming abundance of financial resources. So the question arises, why has there not been any fundamental change in the game or even changes in the guidelines that govern the sport? The answer would be Marxism. This paper will define NFL’s match to the Marxist perspective in their handling of players and their stagnant approach to change. This is a social a problem that relates to every aspect of society including the demise of the American family. This paper will also define the Marxism theory in relation the American football and the mental health epidemic caused by the dangers of the game. In recent weeks, the full contact sport of football has made headlines in America. There have been an overwhelming amount of injuries due to high impact contact to the head, which leads to various head injuries such as, concussions, spinal cord injuries, and deaths. According to Barry Wilner, The National Football League only represents a fraction of men playing the deadly sport. Colleges, universities, high schools, and middle schools have an overwhelming amount of young men who are amateur players. Many of these players suffer from some of the same forms of injuries and deaths as their pro counterparts playing in the National Football League. Leaving many to wonder the lag in the responsiveness for the NFL to make drastic changes after all the NFL is only has approx 1,900 players a season, leaving the separate class structures such as high school football and college football to absorb the majority of injuries related to football ndustry. In an article published by Paul Tenorino in, The Washington Post, he interviews George Atallah the assistant executive director of external affairs for the National Football League Players Association says, â€Å"He hoped the recent actions taken by the NFL and its players would help create a trickledown effect about the proper way to handle a concussion. † Based upon the actions and the structure of American football and NFL the majority of change is needed on lower levels within its system such as high school and middle school that represents more than 3. million players. Statistics do not lie. The numbers are the numbers. The vast majority of injuries are occurring outside of the National Football League. In a recent report published by Richard C. Senelick M. D has: Determined that there are only 1,900 active NFL players each season; There are more than 3 million children playing football at the youth level and 1. 2 million more playing high school football levels This report does not count the numerous collegiate athletes that play the sport. Colleges and universities along with various secondary education institutions have an epidemic on their hands and something needs to change, †¦he has estimated that a college lineman experiences over 1,000 sub-concussive head hits in an average season. He further goes on to say that a line man in the 3 point stance is the most vulnerable of all the players to a brain injury. Explanation in the lack of commitment in the prevention of injuries from the National Football League can be related to the need for power and the valued economics of the professional athletic system that is described as the Marxist Theory, by taking that approach to football the National Football League developed system that only benefits them. According to Barry Wilner, â€Å"The National Football League has begun raising fines for illegal hits from the average $5,000 to $10,000 to now $50,000 and $75,000 and has even implemented suspensions for repeated illegal blows. Raising fines and illegal hit, but not changing how the game is played, taking money from the players/workers in order to promote change but not implementing change or being specific to what hits are no longer allowed. Is the money that is taken from fines of players at the professional used in research to develop safer equipment in order to create safer play? No, it is given directly to the pockets of the NFL, and its governing organization. In Marxist theory, human society and community consists of two parts: Base and Superstructure. The base structure is the material relation and condition of production – division of labor, property relation, employer/employee, slave/master condition and relation. The relations of the base structure fundamentally determines and influences society's other ideas and conditions, namely the Superstructure – arts, institutions, state, habits, customs, cultural representations like, law, philosophy, science, sports and etc. We can see this example portrayed out in the design of football in America linked to society within in its class structures of football from pee wee, to middle school, to high school, to college to NFL. According to Imani Cheers, â€Å"Studies have shown that amateur players run a higher risk of head injuries that those in The National Football League. † All linking classes are a step up from the other one; allowing the National Football League to draw upon the usage of varying football players. Example: at the age of six little Johnny and his father sit together and enjoy a game of Monday night football, Johnny’s father emotions become ecstatic when little Johnny announces to everyone that he now wants to play football. Little Johnny’s father begins working with him showing him passes catches , the proper way to tackle and ultimately how to become a â€Å"real man† by playing football. Soon, Johnny is registered for peewee league and in now fully indoctrinated into the system set up so well to train that allows the National football league to groom and condition them into their system. Playing in leagues that are not under any professional governing authority, regulations are not decided based on the protection of the younger player, medical guidelines are not based on the requirements set by standards from any medical organization who would know that; the bone plates in a young child’s head does not full fuse together till after the age of twenty. This allows the younger players to be very sustepiable to head injuries vs their much older professional counter parts. Eventually, Johnny is known for being dedicated to his favorite sport, in middle school Johnny respect for the game and his training teaches him to take risk’s on the field trying plays that he has never been fully trained on how to carry out. Soon developing the approach to allow risk taking is a permissible and even heroic if you just win the game. High school for Johnny brings more challenges and opportunity hoping to be spotted by a college scout and achieving the status of â€Å"real man† an occasional injury occurs from time to ime, but nothing Johnny cannot walk off and then return back to the game. Finally, a respectable college notices Johnny’s dedication and, determination to the sport, they offer him a scholarship if he will play for their school; bringing with it the dream of possibly being drafted into the National Football League. Johnny declares his value as a man to society, with the show of wealth and riches by his multimillion-dollar contract; he finally receives as pay to participate in his loved sport. Johnny begins his college football career with high hopes. As a college freshman he does well at practices and the coach decides to make him a second string lineman allowing him the opportunity to develop his football skills and sharpen his aptitude on the field. His second year playing college ball he is allowed more playing time during game but is not moved up and a first string lineman, giving him even more opportunity to develop his tackling regimen, after a couple of head injuries he is benched for the season, hoping he will recover by the start of the next season. The next season, Johnny’s junior year, he is watched even more by coaches and supporting staff to make sure here are no issues from the previous season’s injuries. After a few games Johnny is finally moved up to first string lineman, allowing him the opportunity to achieve higher stats, he is further conditioned to play hurt, walking off the field and letting anyone know that he has just had his â€Å"bell rung† will only reduce the chance of him being able to play. Without pay, Johnny continues to play, sacrificing all for stats and the hopeful future of being drafted. Finally, Johnny’s senior year, he makes first-string lineman; and is allowed to start the game, giving him even greater need to cover up injuries. During the middle of his senior year, he is injured and benched only for the following next play, he returns to the line of scrimmage; back playing he is knocked around, proving to himself that being a man means to play under any circumstance no matter what. Eventually, he is noticed by professional scouts who take an interest in him because of his dedication to the game and his sacrifice of playing hurt for his team. After all the hard work he finally is a third round draft pick. Placing Johnny in the top ninety men eligible for recruitment after college, by the professional league and finally earning wages for the sacrifices to his body he has made all these years. The system within the football structure shows a varying display of the different class categories within the professional football league; that organize in the same way as the Marxist set up of workers. Starting at the bottom and working your way up through promotions or to the top, the difference is that the football system requires years of hard work and sacrifice without pay until you reach the very top or professional level. The lower class levels in the system are not monitored by any labor board or governing body to insure the safety of players, because all players go without pay until the professional level is reached. All levels have the same positions; same amount of players on the field, and safety equipment. The majority of the rules are the same with the exception of weight limits in the peewee league. There are not weight limits in any of the other categories of football. In the peewee league, in order to play you can weigh up to a certain amount for position in which you carry the ball, and then after that weight is exceeded, you can only be a center guard or tackle. Meaning, you can have a seventy- five pound quarterback, which is at the top of the weight scale, and the tackle can weigh two hundred pounds. Varying weights depend on each league rules, within that division. Those divisions is not monitored, by any professional division, only until you play sports within an educational system does a league have governing bodies, charter rules, medical restrictions. Allowing football to becoming more and more dangerous of a sport as the chain of classes develops up the line of class structure by allowing bigger players and no regulation or guidelines monitored by professionals. Marx would tell you, that the type of sport that plays in a given society would precisely reflect its economic/production basis. All of this given in higher economical societies (superstructure) are reflected and directly influenced by their historical material/economic means; Marxism, the doctrine that the state throughout history has been a device for the exploitation of the masses by a dominant class. That class struggle has been the main agency of historical change, and that the capitalist system, will after a period of dictatorship of the proletariat, be superseded by a socialist order and a classless society. Marxist sociology is based around five main theories that hypothesis as to how a society functions. Historical materialism, which portrays human history as a series of conflicts resulting from an old systems reshaped to fit the interest of the current society. The theory of surplus value, which describe how the capitalist make a profit from those who they employ; class division and struggle . Which, examine the bourgeois and the proletariat and how they conflict; alienation of the proletariat through the means and methods of the bourgeois. The â€Å"theory of politics† explains how the inevitable transition of capitalism to communism in a society. The theory of surplus value explains, the way in which capitalists exploit consumers and make a profit from the goods that they sell. The capitalists own the raw material and the means to work with them. Profit, is then added to the raw material through necessary labor from the payment of workers to work with the raw material labor and the payment of labor, longer working hours and cheaper pay for the workers, which together allow the production of more for less. The goods are the sold for more money that was received, was paid to receive, and was paid to have the goods produced. This process means that capitalists make a profit from the workers and consumers that both produce and consume their products. These capalists’ methods are clearly visible in professional football as identified by Brohm, as the spectator sport of commodity, which sells football along normal capitalist lines. Examples of these capitalist processes are illustrated and discussed in the text, Sport: a prison of measured time, authored by J. M Brohm. In the text, Brohm provides twenty theses on sports, eleven of which discuss the birth of modern capitalist sport. All the structures of present day sport tie in to bourgeois, capitalist society† (Brohm 1978, p. 47). Some of these illustrate how capitalists use the systems present in society in order to make a profit. For a start the very existence of sport on the scale at which it is now played can be attributed to the capitalist bourgeois society, as summarized by Brohm who said, â€Å"Sport is a direct consequence of the level of development under the productive forces under capitalism† (1978, p. 176). What he means by this, is that due to the mechanization of the workforce by capitalists in order to produce more for less, workers found that they had more free time; time in which they took up sport as a form of recreation. This occurred during the industrial revolution, which meant that improved travel and communications allowed newly formed teams to organize, travel and play matches during the free time that they now had. Notice that, the free time, travel and communications that were now available to the working class were all controlled by the bourgeois, -allowing them to effectively continue to profit from the working class population. The way sports operate can easily be compared to how companies operate in the business sector – different sports compete for viewers (who are effectively consumers as they pay money to the clubs for merchandise or viewing purposes), and the relationships with which the athletes have with the team owners are very similar to wage relations between company managers and workers. Brohm stated that, â€Å"The capitalists of sport appropriate players and athletes who thus become their wage laborer’s† (1978, p. 76). This view on football enhances feelings that it is as an enterprise more than a competitive form of game used to entertain the viewer – a consequence of football adopted by capitalists as another form of profit. Football players are similar to the workers in the Marxist system – who sells their labor to someone who is willing to pay them. The capitalist then make a profit from the athlete by using them to create entertainment that will draw larg e crowds who will pay to watch the player perform. How much the employer makes from the player is determined by the law of supply and demand – if the player has a skill which is not found commonly then people will pay more to watch them and the employer makes a greater profit. Brohm said athletes of, â€Å"Amateurism ceased to exist a long time ago. All top level sportsmen are professional performers in the muscle show,† meaning that all top level sport is no longer about playing a fair but competitive game; it is about people making a profit (Brohm 1978, p. 176). This action is demonstrated in the NFL’s, lack to make significant changes to the structure in which the game is played. Instead of making changes in the structure, the NFL fines players for aggressive tackles, and further pockets the money. Never considering the health of players to be important enough to ensure their safety, head injuries are a major concern to the lives of the players. The future lives of players and the quality of daily living is not being considered when the 3 million children playing football at the youth level and 1. million more playing high school football level, are not protected against the sport of football. There remains a significant issue with medical care, monitoring, guidelines and problems with equipment. The NFL instead for pushing for regulation changes in the lower class structure, â€Å"hope a change in dealing with concussions,† will be a result of the NFL fining players. Knowing that the lower structures are where they draw their future players from, they refuse to implement real changes that require the structure as a whole to change. Changing the whole structure, as we know it today would ensure healthier players, giving the majority of players, longer playing time. Longer playing times in the lives of professional players would cost the NFL more money in contracts, health insurance, and retirement pension. No change in the system guarantees the future profits for the teams, and guarantees the NFL an abundance of already trained players, therefore relieving them any responsibility, or commitment in protecting the health of future football players. Football can therefore be identified as just another tertiary sector in the capitalist system where large amounts of money is stood to be made by investors who hire athletes to essentially sell to consumers, â€Å"Economic trusts, banks and monopolies have taken over the financial side of sporting activity, which has become a prized source of capitalist profits† Brohm (1978, p. 177). Attempts by capitalists to maximize the profits they are making is shown by the increasing number of competitions and games that are played during each season in order to increase the number of people who come to watch. In addition to adding more game every year, the games rise in costs. It is not just the viewing rights that capitalists make money from, In order to increase profits further, we can see the production of goods and products, produced with necessary and surplus labor. Advertising rights being sold for money and the establishment of a sports betting industry all of which are sold for a greater cost than was used to produce them, allowing capitalists to benefit further from the sports industry, Leading to the support of hegemony. Football is a place where we can see the use of hegemony through sport is in class structure and social stratification. Sage, defines social stratification as, â€Å"structures that cause social inequality among groups of people† (1998, p. 35). This involves the bourgeois class using various methods of power to oppress the proletariat class football provide the bourgeois with a prime opportunity to do this. â€Å"The dominant classes control over the working class peoples free time was manifested in sports†(Hargreaves 1986 p. 85). One of the ways that the bourgeois established control over the playing and administration of sports was that when sports were initially becoming popular among society. Football first played and taught at schools where the majority of pupils came from families of high social status. According to Sage, â€Å"Students of these colleges, that played American Football, when it first achieved popularity, were overwhelmingly from wealthy families† (Sage 1998, p. 44). Apart from not being present in the places where sport was evolving and improving, people from lower class backgrounds also had another disadvantage in that they had less money. Which limited how much access they could have to sport even if it was available to them, â€Å"the higher the economic status, the higher the sports involvement (Sage 1998 p. 44). † These factors meant that by the time working class people were consistently able to participate in sport, the bourgeois class were already in control of game formats, equipment and location, allowing them to continue to oppress the proletariat class of society through sport as well as other social mechanisms.

Neil Armstrong Trip to the Moon - 1194 Words

Neil Armstrong was born August 5, 1930 somewhere near Wapakoneta, Ohio. He is the oldest of three Children. His is the son of Stephen and Viola Engel Armstrong. Neil took his first flight on a plane when he was six. That’s when he started to take interest in airplanes. On his 16th birthday he was issued a pilot’s license. He was a serious pilot at that age. He built a small wide tunnel in his basement and did experiments on the model planes he had made. At the age of 17, he entered Purdue University with a U.S Navy scholarship. After two years, he was called to active duty with the Navy and who his jet wings at Pensacola Naval Air Station in Florida. He was the youngest pilot in his squadron. He was only 20 years old. During the Korean†¦show more content†¦They finally left a plaque reading â€Å"Here men from the planet Earth first set foot upon the moon. We came in peace to all mankind†The two then returned to the Eagle and launched themselves to rendezvous with Collins, who had been orbiting in the Columbia spacecraft. Sometime during all of this Neil Armstrong talked to President Nixon. Nixon said â€Å"Because of what you have done the heavens have became a part of mans world. And as you talk to us from the sea of Tranquility it is required us to redouble our efforts to bring peace and tranquility to earth. Armstrong said â€Å"Thank you Mr. President. Its a great honor and privilege of us to be here representing not only the Untied States but men of peace of all nations, men with interest and curiosity and men with a vision for the future. On July 24, Columbia returned to earth. It landed down at 12:50 P.M. EDT some 950 miles southwest of Hawaii and only 2.7 miles away from its aiming point. After 28 days of isolation to control any lunar microorganisms, Neil Armstrong, Micheal Collins, and Edwin Aldrin traveled around the world for parades and speeches. The mission brought honors, including the presidential Medal of Freedom, the Harmon international Aviation Trophy, The Royal Geographic Societys Hubbard Gold Medal, and the accolades from many nations. Neil Armstrong became a fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, The AmericanShow MoreRelatedEssay about Compare contrast953 Words   |  4 Pages Compare and Contrast Christopher Columbus and Neil Armstrong were both explorers who captivated the world with their amazing explorations. Their paths shared many traits, though their discoveries were very different. While Armstrong was the first man on the moon on July 20, 1969, Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue about four hundred years earlier to find the â€Å"new world†. 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In order to further understand the mission’s impact, research on the ApolloRead MoreInformative Speech1303 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: â€Å"Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.† When that phrase is spoken everyone knows who said it, when it happened and what kind of leap it was. It was a leap into space for America. Neil Armstrong said it, while accompanied with Buzz Aldrin as they landed on the moon, July 20, 1969. A third man, Michael Collins, stayed in orbit, and waited for the two to come back, and return back to Earth. The â€Å"Space Race† was one of the biggest competitions of the mid-to-late 20th centuryRead MoreThe Shaping Of American Society2527 Words   |  11 PagesShaping of American Society: The Moon Landing The Moon Landing signified a moment in time that would never be forgotten. Even though it happened decades ago, the world still feels the effect it had on the world. John F. Kennedy had a dream to land a man on the moon, but many people in the nation believed it to be foolish.(Linkinholder) Yet after it happened,† it became one of the highest accomplishments in the history of mankind†. When the three men landed on the moon it was a change for the nationRead MoreDiscovery of a Capsule from the 1960s1658 Words   |  7 Pages A capsule from the 1960s was discovered two days ago near Washington D.C. Will opening it be a trip in the past or will it be filled with nostalgic nonsense? The capsule is opening, there is a large banner inside it saying Welcome to the 1960s, and underneath it are three boxes that seem to be handcrafted: one can almost feel the passion that this containers builders put into it. The first box opens and there is a simple rock inside of it, this making me and my colleagues express disappointmentRead MorePros And Cons Of The Space Race1669 Words   |  7 Pagesset foot on the moon, also announcing a worldwide quote by Neil Armstrong. The quote being ‘That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind’. Figure 1- Man on the Moon What is the Space Race and who was involved? The Space Race was essentially a race between two Cold War rivals, the United States and the Soviet Union. This race began in the late 1950’s to 1970’s and was done so the two nations could outdo one another in Space exploration and Space travel to the moon; now known as the