Law Enforcement Code of Ethics Essay

The way in which police treat citizens have a ripple effect on community opinions, as these citizens impart their experiences to friends, family, and neighbors. One’s moral principles on right and wrong behavior are a form of discipline. Morals and ethics are often used interchangeably, and everyone has his own value system (Thomson and Wadsworth, 2005). Moreover, the code of ethics is an officer’s behavior of his credibility and validity. The officer must uphold the law regardless of the offender’s identity. According to Sykes (1989), a law enforcement informal code of ethics generally covers several aspects. The most important one being the principle of fairness and justice: An officer must uphold the law regardless of an offender’s race, social status or identity. One must not abuse his powers to take advantage or give special treatment to citizens, which turn out to be the main source of solicitation and acceptance of gratuities (pp. 141-142). In addition, a precinct with a value system empathizing crime control may allocate resources differently from one with a value system promoting community-oriented policing (p. 139). In fact, officers within these two precincts would be rewarded differently, and the formal culture of the agency would encourage different behavior patterns (Thomson and Wadsworth, 2005, p. 140). According to Scheingold (1984), law enforcement typically forms a homogenous social group in a closed social system. This leads to the extreme nature of police (formal ethics) subculture (p. 144). The three distinctive codes: First, the perfect professional, second, guidelines or his principles, and third, mandatory rules that serves as discipline. For example, an oath of duties and the sacred trust of an officer. An individual officer’s code of ethics is more specific to his behavior, whereas a professional code allows discretionary practices and unique issues of that particular profession (Thomson and Wadsworth, pp. 139-140, 2005). One knows that unpleasant experiences with the police affect individual opinions. Ideally, an officer’s decision-making is based on his code of  ethics. However, within many grey areas, the issues of loyalty force and discretion makes the process very difficult. Sykes (1989) states, â€Å"Professional ethics is extremely crucial to the image of law enforcement as a professional† (pp. 141-142). An officer has a responsibility to the whole community in a manner such as will inspire trust and confidence. References Axia College of University of Phoenix. (2005). Chapter 7: Corruption and the Code. Retrieved September 1, 2008, fromAxia College, Week Three reading AXcess, ADJ 235- Ethics and the Administration of JusticeAxia College of University of Phoenix. (2005). Chapter 6: The Ethics of Social Control. Retrieved September 1, 2008, fromAxia College, Week Three reading AXcess, ADJ 235- Ethics and the Administration of Justice

The Partnership of Venturi Scott Brown

The Partnership of Venturi Scott Brown Denise Scott Brown (born October 3, 1931 in Africa) and Robert Venturi (born June 25, 1925 in Philadelphia, PA) are known for smart urban designs and architecture steeped in popular symbolism. Kitsch becomes art in designs which exaggerate or stylize cultural icons. When they met and married, Denise Scott Brown had already made important contributions to the field of urban design. Through her work as an urban planner and her collaboration with Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates Inc. (VSB), she has brought the artifacts of popular culture into the realm of architecture and has shaped our understanding of the relationship between design and society. Robert Venturi is known for turning architecture on its head by exaggerating historical styles and incorporating cultural icons into the building design. For example, the Childrens Museum of Houston is built with the basic Classical characteristics- columns and pediment- but they are playfully exaggerated to appear cartoonish. Likewise, the Bank Building in Celebration, Florida has the stately form of the J.P. Morgan Co. Building, the iconic fortress on Wall Street in New York City. Yet, as designed by Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, theres a playful retro look that more resembles a 1950s-era gas station or hamburger restaurant. Venturi was one of the first modern architects who embraced this playful (some say sarcastic) architecture that became known as postmodernism. VSB, based in Philadelphia, PA, has long been recognized for much more than Postmodernist designs. The firm completed more than 400 projects, each uniquely suited to the special needs of the clients. The couple is highly educated individually. Scott Brown was born to Jewish parents in Nkana, Zambia and raised in a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. She attended the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg (1948-1952), the Architectural Association in London, England (1955), and then went on to the University of Pennsylvania to earn a Master of City Planning (1960) and a Master of Architecture (1965). Venturi started out closer to his Philadelphia roots, graduating summa cum laude from Princeton University (1947 A.B. and 1950 MFA) in nearby New Jersey. He then ventured to Rome, Italy to study as a Rome Prize Fellow at the American Academy (1954-1956). Early in his architectural career, Venturi worked for Eero Saarinen, and then in the Philadelphia offices of Louis I. Kahn and Oscar Stonorov. He partnered with John Rauch from 1964 until 1989. Since 1960 Venturi and Scott Brown collaborated as  founding partners of Venturi, Scott Brown Associates. For decades Brown has directed the firms urban planning, urban design, and campus planning work. Both are licensed architects, planners, authors, and educators, yet it was Venturi alone who was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 1991, a contentious honor that many have decried as sexist and unjust. In 2016 the pair together was awarded the highest honor bestowed by the  American Institute of Architects- the AIA Gold Medal. Since retiring, Venturi and Brown are archiving their work at venturiscottbrown.org. Selected Projects: 1964: The Vanna Venturi House, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania- designed in 1962; named one of the Ten Buildings That Changed America in 2013.1968: Fire Station No. 4, Columbus, IN1970s: Preservation planning for historic districts in Galveston, Texas and Miami Beach, Florida1971: Trubek-Wislocki Houses, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts1972: Brant House, Greenwich, Connecticut1975: Tucker House, Katonah, New York1976: Allen Art Museum Addition, Oberlin, Ohio1976: House in Tuckers Town, Bermuda1980s: City plan for downtown Memphis, Tennessee1983: Gordon Wu Hall, Princeton, New Jersey1990s: Master plan and schematic design for the Denver Civic Center Cultural Complex,  Denver, Colorado1990s: Campus plans for Dartmouth College and the University of Pennsylvania1991: Sainsbury Wing, National Gallery, London, UK1991: Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington1996: Sun Trust Bank, Celebration, Florida1997: Mielparque Nikko Kirifuri (resort hotel), Nikko, Japan2008: Chapel, Episcopa l Academy, Newtown Square, PA Learn More: Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture by Robert VenturiIn this groundbreaking book, published in 1966, Robert Venturi challenged modernism and celebrated the mix of historic styles in great cities like Rome.Learning from Las Vegas by Robert Venturi, Steven Izenour, and Denise Scott Brown, 1972Subtitled The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form this postmodernist classic called the vulgar billboards of the Vegas Strip emblems for a new architecture. The controversial book presented the idea that architects could learn important lessons in design from commercial art and casino ads.Architecture as Signs and Systems for a Mannerist Time by Venturi Scott Brown, Harvard University Press, 2004AA Words 4: Having Words by Denise Scott Brown, Architectural Association, 2009A Difficult Whole: A Reference Book on the Work of Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown by Architecture Without Content, 2016 Famous Robert Venturi Quote: Less is a bore.- Rejecting the simplicity of modernism and responding to the Mies van der Rohe dictum, Less is more

Writing Confident Query Letters

Writing Confident Query Letters As someone who runs a website for writers (TheInternationalFreelancer.com), I see a lot of query letters from new writers. The thing they miss most often? Confidence. Writers who are confident know their story, what it hopes to achieve, and how theyre going to get the work done. Those who arent ramble on, send editors two different sides to a story and refuse to take a stand. If an editor has limited time and is paying good money to hire someone, which freelancer do you think shell hire? What can you do to become that freelancer? 1. Prove it to yourself James Clear, who is an entrepreneur, weight lifter, and travel photographer, writes on his blog about the time in his freshman year of high school when his basketball team had started the season with a losing streak. One day, their coach pulled them together and uttered these words: Confidence is just displayed ability. Put another way, youre not going to achieve something because you believe in yourself; youre going to achieve something and only then will you start believing in yourself. 2. Be cool Weve all met the writer who is so lacking in self-confidence that he emails you every week to please vote for me in this contest that Ive entered. Dont be that guy. You want the work, of course. Thats why youre writing. But youre not desperate for it and will walk away if the terms dont suit you. Even if you arent feeling confident, act like you are. 3. Sound like you know what youre talking about Youre pitching the story, correct? So it would be normal for an editor to assume that you know what youre talking about as regards that story. Make sure you do enough background research to know exactly why this story should be published and why it would fit into a publications pages. Look at it from the editors perspective: Why should she hire and pay for someone who isnt yet clear on what the story is and why its important. 4. Take responsibility Maybe, perhaps, usually, typically, most likely, and other such words and phrases dont have place in your query letter, especially if youre new to freelancing. Dont say He seemed to be angry, when in reality youre pretty certain he was furious. 5. Make a point If you have something to say, say it. Many writers are afraid of taking a controversial stance because the editor might not agree, but that is part of the reason youre writing the pitch- to suss out whether this editor is the right fit for your piece or not. And you cant do that if you tiptoe around what needs to be said. This is especially true in science stories and in most international reporting. Be confident in not only the data you bring to her, but the inference and the conclusions that youve reached as a result of it. 6. Practice Finally- and yet again- there is no weakness that practice cant overcome, no lack of confidence that practice wont make disappear. Practicing writing (and sending) queries helps you get better each time you do it and the better you get, the more confident your queries naturally start sounding. This is why Im a big believer in pitching as much as you possibly can, especially in the beginning. And that will translate automatically to the words on the page.

Hunters in the Snow by Tobias Wolff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hunters in the Snow by Tobias Wolff - Essay Example But in "Hunters in the Snow", lies, betrayal and insensitivity have overshadowed the good aspects of one another. This situation is played out in a snowy surrounding, as if the whiteness of the place makes a stark background to the evil that's brewing among the three friends. Each of the three buddies tries to look for a deer to shoot, each not really keen on doing so, and this accounts so much for their failure (other hunters as told in the story would have their deer "strapped to the hoods" of their jeeps and cars) as not having seen a deer to shoot. Tub, the first character introduced in the story is a sensitive person who battles a gluttony problem and hides it with apparent efforts to diet. Sensitivity in a person, though a positive trait makes that person vulnerable to others and makes him violent at times. Tub fires off at a Kenny for shooting at old dog after their failure to shoot any deer, "What did he ever do to you" Both Frank and Kenny, rib him for being fat, knowing that "Nobody knows. That's the worst of it, Frank. Not the being fat, I never got any big kick out of being thin, but the lying. Having to lead a double life like a spy or a hit man. Like when I make a big deal about only having an orange for breakfast and then scarf all the way to work. Oreos, Mars Bars, Twinkies. Sugar Babies. Snickers". And when Tub shoots Kenny, out of weakness and fear that he would end up like the unfortunate dog, he could only say, "I had to". Among the three friends, Frank probably has the capacity to be understanding about the extreme sides of his two friends - Tub's sensitivity and Kenny's toughness. Instead, this insight to the truth made him perverted and manipulative. When Tub was horrified with Frank's confirmation of an affair with a fifteen-year old girl, he makes for a philosophical pitch against conformity, "You can't just put people into categories like that, Tub. That's why the whole system is wrong. And that's why this country is going to hell in a rowboat." Frank even likens his young girlfriend with Shakespeare's Juliet, an indication of his intellectual capacity "Fifteen. She'll be sixteen in May. May fourth, three twenty-seven p.m. Hell, Tub, a hundred years ago she'd have been an old maid by that age. Juliet was only thirteen." Frank also pitches for Tub's sympathy for his relationship trouble and to appease his guilt towards his plans of leaving his wife. He does by taking advantage of Tub's food weakne ss - and succeeds because Tub also needs Frank to expiate himself from shooting their friend. The two takes their time at another roadhouse, not really in a hurry to carry their bleeding friend to a hospital. Instead, Frank orders Tobias Wolff's's "Hunters in the Snow" platefuls of pancakes, butter and syrup to further corrupt Tub and make him an accomplice in his deceit. When at the end, and on the wheel, he says "I'm going to the hospital" to the bleeding Kenny's hope of making it alive - he commits the final betrayal, with Tub's connivance. Kenny, the apparent

Criminal Behavior and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Behavior and the Law - Essay Example Finally, the paper will discuss the differences between index-one and index-two crimes under the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports, as well as which of the two is classified under violent crime and the one classified under property crime. To begin with, criminologist and criminalists are terms more than often used interchangeably, according to Williams and McShane (2004). However, the two terms have some distinct differences that are worth noting. Williams and McShane (2004) note that criminologists deal with the study of behaviors of an individual in relation to crime, individuals who commits the crimes being studied, as well as the correctional facilities for criminals such as jails and prisons. This falls under criminology, which covers various fields of criminal justice, with emphasis on social behavior. Criminalists, on the other hand, are professionals charged with the responsibility of analysis criminal evidence at the scenes of crime such as bullets and bloodstains (Williams and McShane, 2004). They are also charged with the responsibility of recreating crimes scenes, work at crime scenes, laboratories, and courtrooms. Criminologists engage mainly in teaching and research, where they apply the knowledge to the administration and policing, study of public policy, drug addictions, correction, juvenile delinquency, correctional administration and policy, and victimology. Other areas of study include criminal ethnography, theoretical criminology and models or criminal behaviors (Williams and McShane, 2004). Criminologists also assist in analyzing psychological, sociological, and biological evidence such as finger and footprints, body fluids, and blood plaster using their skills and knowledge to establish the link between the suspect and the crime. Criminalist, on the other hand, is a professional who employs scientific techniques to identify and separate vital evidence from the scene of a crime (Williams and McShane, 2004). The evidence gathered is analyze d and interpret, establish the truth as regards the crime. Forensic psychologists are professionals who by virtue of their training apply psychology in a criminal investigation and law (Fulero and Wrightsman, 2009). Forensic psychologists play a big role in assisting fact finders or courts in arriving at a just and precise conclusion of a criminal case. They are often involved in insurance claims, custody disputes, and lawsuits, according to Fulero and Wrightsman (2009). Legal justice system uses forensic psychologists in analyzing the mental status of the accused before, during, and after the trial proceedings. For instance, criminal cases whose verdicts may be death penalty always require that before the accused is handed the sentence, a forensic psychologist is called to analyze the defendants mental status before, during and after the crime to establish whether the defendant was insane at the time of the crime or not. The analysis of mental status of the defendant in a case is i mportant since it aids in just and accurate decision making by the jury. White-collar vs. Blue-collar crimes Crimes are committed by different classes of people. In this regard, O'Hear (2001) defines the white-collar crime as a financially motivated crime committed by respected people with high social status in society. This crime is committed by high-class individuals who have inherited or earn a lot of money at the upper level jobs such as corporate bigwigs (O'Hear,

As a software developer give examples of where you use abstraction in Essay

As a software developer give examples of where you use abstraction in your daily job - Essay Example Due to the constant increasing complexity in the systems we use, reliance on abstractions increase in the software development industry. Each of these abstractions attempts to hide the complexity, allowing me as a software developer to create a code that can cater for all the variations in complexity that is required in the modern computing. To create reliable software, there is a greater need for me to learn and understand many of the abstractions underlying details. Abstraction also finds a lot of applications in software reuse. In this case, abstraction plays a central role. For effective software artifacts reuse, concise and expressive abstractions are essential. Higher levels abstractions in the reuse technique reduce the effort required to go from the initial concept of a software system to representations in the reuse technique (Medvidovic & Taylor 2000: 70-93). During the verification of software, abstraction is highly used. This allows debugging of a specific software component. Simulation and validation of the software component is done at each abstraction level, resulting in abstraction of different components of the target hardware architecture. The abstract architecture model hides details of the underlying implementation of the hardware platform, while ensuring a sufficient level of control that the software code can be validated in terms of performance, efficiency, and reliable functionality (Popovich, 2010: 17). Abstraction is a powerful heuristic. It has allowed development of systems that implement and integrate abstraction in problem-solving process. Development of systems with abstraction helps to improve on the efficiency of the systems. On the other hand, from the basic understanding that abstraction hides the complexity underlying the systems, we deduce that it reduces the search space. The concept of data abstraction helps software developers in the integration of both structural and

Analytical Support for Decision Making Self Reflection Essay Example for Free

Analytical Support for Decision Making Self Reflection Essay The analytical support for decision making course is really indeed touching every aspect from my daily job as a lead optimization engineer dealing with a huge drilling real time streaming data. In the past I have worked to prepare quarter review annual report for our center. Honestly, it was consuming a lot of time to construct a valuable presentation that will impress the upper management. As of time being ASDM is a strong aid to be creative in utilizing, analyzing, projecting illustrating for our daily data. Here I will highlight major subjects that I got so many benefits from: Data Gathering ASDM is a real guide to perform data analysis. It learns the first steps in how to gather data how to deal with it. The good part in the assignment is the data was real and taken from World Bank website and the challenge is to identify the best data find out ways to get the missing data by quantitative approaches. The lesson learned here is any data has to go through cleansing process to be worth for analysis to reach trustful results. Surveys As we are seeing many surveys floating around in every single website or newspapers in the media, the real question is how trustful the results are. Now with ASDM approaches, it is easier to now that, to dig deep in the survey process. How the survey was done, whom were the sample, location and the time it was conducted. In addition to the right guide in how to do different types surveys analyze the results for best decisions. Regression As regression deals with trends to find out the relationship level criteria help a lot in projection. In my daily work I’m dealing with many drilling trends, like the drilling rig hook load (HKL), surface torque while performing the drilling operation. My job is to identify the strong relationship between many drilling parameters do a projection. Like for HKL torque utilizing regression to find out the regression model in a specific formation will help us in identifying the normal / upnoraml trends prior drilling operation for better optimization savings. In addition the regression will help a lot in the projection ahead to the final drilling target depth. MCDA Multi criteria decision analysis is the decision maker best tool to identify take in consideration all the factors with relative to their weights influence in the subject matter. Real life is chain of continuous MCDA has to be taken but differs in size complication. Although, VISA software is a simple light, it is superior software to include every single step illustrate it with a nice simple way. Personally we are running many projects that take in consideration several factors MCDA is the best guide came at the right time.